Cambios en la presión intraocular durante el embarazo: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Abstract

Objective:To identify changes in intraocular pressure during the different trimesters of pregnancy. Methodology:The systematic search was performed in Medline (Pubmed), Embase and Web of Science. Observational studies were selected in pregnant women in the different trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum. The structure for item selection followed the guideline of the PRISMA statement. Results:23 studies were included with follow-up of IOP in the first, second, third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum. In general, the average IOP in the first trimester was 15.5 mmHg, in the second trimester 13.4 mmHg and in the third trimester 11.62 mmHg, a statistically significant difference was reported in the different trimesters of pregnancy in 13 studies with a value of p < 0.05. All studies coincided with an average decrease in IOP of 2 mmHg between the first and second trimester and 1.78 mmHg between the second and third trimester. With respect to postpartum, two studies indicated an increase to 3% in IOP three months after delivery. Conclusions:Variationsin intraocular pressure were identified during gestation, being lower as pregnancy progresses and greater after delivery. Future post-partum follow-up studies are proposed to analyze whether these fluctuations can generate changes in the posterior pole.